Earthquakes can have devastating effects on cities and their inhabitants. The risk of an earthquake is especially high in areas along fault lines, such as the Himalayan region and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. However, even cities not located in earthquake-prone areas can be affected. Here are some strategies that can help minimize the impact of earthquakes on cities and their inhabitants and thereby build earthquake-resilient cities.

Develop and enforce building codes that are earthquake-resistant
To build earthquake-resilient cities, planners must develop and enforce earthquake-resistant building codes. This involves ensuring that buildings are designed and constructed to withstand the forces of an earthquake. This can include features such as flexible foundations, reinforced concrete walls, and seismic isolation systems. In India, the National Building Code (NBC 2016) is a comprehensive set of regulations providing standards for safe and sustainable construction.

Conduct earthquake risk assessments
Earthquake risk assessment is a crucial step in building earthquake-resilient cities. It involves identifying the areas that are at the highest risk of earthquake damage, such as those located near active fault lines or areas with buildings that are not structurally sound. Once the high-risk areas have been identified, planners can develop strategies for retrofitting buildings to make them more earthquake-resistant, relocating critical infrastructure away from active fault lines, or zoning laws to prevent new construction in high-risk areas.

Develop and practice an emergency response plan
Developing and practising emergency response ensures that cities are prepared to deal with the aftermath of an earthquake. This includes a coordinated set of protocols to minimize harm and damage caused by an earthquake. It involves identifying safe places—parks, playgrounds, fields, or sturdy buildings with earthquake-resistant features—to take shelter during an earthquake. Identifying evacuation routes and establishing communication channels during and after an earthquake is also vital.

Educate and prepare residents for earthquake events
Educating the public about earthquakes is crucial to minimize the risk of injury and damage to property. An effective education program should provide information on how earthquakes occur, what to expect during an earthquake event, and how to prepare for an earthquake. By understanding the risks, residents can take steps to prepare themselves and their homes for an earthquake event.